Twenty First Sunday in
Ordinary Time Year A
“Ubi Petrus Ibi Ecclesia,”
“Where Peter is, there is the Church”, is the famous quote from St Ambrose of
Milan. This statement makes an important claim; in fact, an undeniably outrageous
claim. It points to the essential centrality of the papacy in relation to the
Church’s unity. In other words, it is saying “without the papacy, there is no
Church.” Though many would contest and reject the veracity of this claim,
popular culture has accorded him a special role, a caricature at best. One such
popular image is that St Peter stands as a sort of gatekeeper (“or perhaps,
even a goal keeper), guarding the Pearly Gates, the entrance to the heavenly
realm – a seemingly ignoble job. Though hardly accurate, the image is derived
from the gospel passage we just heard today, where Jesus bestows special
prerogatives on Peter.
First, St Peter is given a new name, which in Scripture denotes a
change in status or position. Jesus spoke Aramaic and gave Simon the Aramaic
name Kepha (Rock) which is “Petra” in Greek and “Peter” in English.
The Greek “petra” is feminine so the
masculine “Petros” was adopted. If “Petra” refers to a rock, “petros” can refer to a little pebble.
This has often been the contention of Protestants who see in the conferment of
this name, not a great honour but a subtle insult. Protestants argue that
Christ is the only foundation (1 Cor 3:11) attempting thereby to unseat Peter.
There is, however, no distinction in Aramaic, between Kepha the “Rock” and Kepha,
the Apostle Peter, upon which Jesus would build his Church. Peter is Kepha, He is the rock. In fact, Syriac
Christians, who continue to use Aramaic in their scriptures and liturgy, also
claim that Jesus, the Rock of Salvation, conferred his own name and title on
Peter. This must simply be the greatest honour accorded to any man.
Having been conferred a new title and name, St Peter is also given
the metaphorical keys by Christ. As
Jesus, the new King of Israel, re-established the Davidic throne he appointed
Peter to the office of royal steward to rule “over the house” of the king. Keys
represent primacy and exclusive dominion and this authority was granted to
Peter alone. As the steward of Christ’s kingdom, Peter is given the authority
to bind and loose. These are keys not of any earthly palace but of heaven
itself, which is another way of saying that the issue is linked to salvation.
Of course, this entails more than the no-brainer job of opening heaven’s door
to the faithful. The term binding and loosing was also familiar in Rabbinic
tradition. They represented the legislative and judicial powers of the Rabbinic
office. These powers Christ now transferred in their reality here to Peter. To
say that St Peter has the key means he can declare certain things to be lawful
and others unlawful; that is to bind or to loose, or to prohibit or to permit,
or to forgive, and to teach and to govern with the authority of Christ in
matters that are necessary for our salvation. In all this, he acts with the
power of Christ!
But the authority of the King, officially conferred here on his
steward, does not end with the death of the steward. Jesus would not have missed
filling up this gaping loophole. The office of a royal steward was a hereditary
position. Familiar with their history, the Jews certainly understood that the
office of Peter would be filled by successors as was the royal steward’s office
in Judah. The steward may die, but the office continues. That is why the keys
remain a prominent symbol in the coat of arms of every Pope.
The authority and the power of the Petrine Office, that is the
office of St Peter in Christ’s kingdom, which is now handed down to his
successors, the popes, is not just a point of contention with the Protestants
who clearly reject it, but has also become a scandal of sorts for Catholics. Irony
has it that the rock, the foundation of our Church and our faith, has in fact
become a stumbling block to critics, dissenters and persons who often treat
their personal opinions as dogmas. For many people nowadays, there is something
of a sense of skepticism about institutions – we tend to think of them as
overly bureaucratic, slow to respond as if they were intentionally established
to hold us back and slow us down. Our modern notion of democracy has also instilled
in us a suspicion of arbitrary power, especially so much power centred on one
single person. In fact, this expression has entered into the English language, “the
Dread of Popery.” A belief popularly held by many is that no one individual
should have unfettered powers of decision. Perhaps, the real point of
contention is that no one should act like God, or at least act with divinely
instituted powers.
Ultimately, in rejecting the authority of Peter and that of the
Popes, one inadvertently but necessarily rejects the testimony of Scripture and
in doing so we reject the authority of Christ; because Peter is his choice. Of
course, this link between rejecting the Chosen of God and the God who chooses
is not confined to the papacy. Throughout Scriptures, we see God’s choices of
leadership often been called into question because these do not conform to our
own criteria of suitability for a candidate. In fact, God often chooses the
least likely to succeed – the youngest or the oldest, the frailest, the most
insignificant, the candidate most likely to fail. The choice of God often
highlights his absolute sovereignty and gratuitousness, rather than a decision
based on the extraordinary qualities of the candidate. The chosen man often has
nothing to offer and can do nothing himself, but instead relies heavily on
grace and the power of God. At the end of the day, God takes all the credit,
not man.
When God founded the Church, he founded a visible body, a visible
body with a visible head, and that visible head had a name – Peter. The
institution of the Papacy and the authority attached to this office is of
divine institution. This was no human invention - the apostles did not come
together and decide this. The Papacy and his authority was not the result of
political manipulation. Quite the opposite, it is Our Lord who establishes this
institution. It is Christ who builds and not Peter. It is not our choice, it is
not our wisdom who picked out this apostle. The primacy of Peter is a primacy
willed by God and not created by men.
If you have any confusion in your mind where that Church is, when
faced with all those conflicting voices that inevitably always sound sincere
and credible, if there are different claims to the Truth, you can know with
certainty where the church is, Jesus assures us, “I give you a marker, a beacon
– look for Peter.” Peter will be a point of stability, a guarantee and an
assurance that the Church will not be fazed even when everything shifts. In a
market place filled with various ideological options, where the search for
certainty and stability is often frustrated, the Papacy provides us with clear
direction. Where do I find the fullness of the Lord? Where do I find His Mystical
Body, and not just a body that I have constructed? Then we only need go back
his words, “On this rock, I will build my church.” “Where Peter is there is the
Church.” Of course, the Holy Father remains utterly human, he sins as you and I
sin. He may have opinions as we do. But when he teaches in his office as Pope,
we can have confidence that Christ speaks definitively through him. He is
indeed a gift from God.
I started with a quote from St Ambrose of Milan. Actually, the
entire quote sounds like this, “Ubi Petrus ibi ecclesia, et ibi ecclesia
vita eternal." Where Peter is there is the Church, and where there is the
Church there is life eternal! If you want to know where the Church of Christ
is, find Peter, and you will find the Church, and if you have found the Church
and come to love Her and Her counsel and humbly submit yourself to the
authority of Peter’s Successors, then be sure that you are on the sure path to
eternal life.
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